TEL AVIV- Rioting in Jerusalem has illuminated the tenuous
state of Jewish-Arab relations in Israel. The popular misconception is that this
issue is an isolated incident resulting from the opening of a new synagogue. If
we can extrapolate anything from recent unrest, it is that the “Rage Day” events
and the demonstrations in Sakhnin are a logical trend representing the steadily
deteriorating relationship between Arabs and Jews in Israel.
Polls have
shown that almost half of Israeli Jewish high school students don’t believe that
Arabs should have the same rights as Jews, and a report released recently
indicates a 28 percent rise in racist incidents in 2009. On the other hand,
moderate Arab elements within Israeli society have joined the fray. We have seen
bulldozer attacks, foiled attempts by Arab citizens at abetting terrorism and
glorification of Israel’s enemies. Whether Israel’s Arab citizens are being
hijacked by an extreme political movement or are being pushed by a hostile
majority is uncertain, but this phenomenon will certainly jeopardise the state’s
internal stability.
However, there are ways to reverse this trend and
create a society where conflict and hatred do not come so naturally. Israel
recently decided to invest NIS 800 million (roughly $220 million) into a
stimulus package for Arab, Druze and Circassian communities. Unfortunately, this
outstanding initiative leaves out the educational component. As the source of
cultural development, education is the arena in which youth can be moulded and
influenced for the better.
“Coexistence Education”, according to Daniel
Bar-Tal, is the “process through which society members acquire the beliefs,
attitudes and behaviours that are in line with the ideas of coexistence”.
Coexistence vis-à-vis Israel is defined as two geopolitical groups living
together peacefully without hostility despite differences. Coexistence generally
has come to represent a political process preceding integration in multicultural
societies prone to conflict. Unfortunately, as Bar-Tal illustrates, the longer
the process lasts in Israel, the more it will be discredited by the Arab sector
as it is perceived as a means of “eternalising Jewish dominance and
discrimination over the Arab population”.
Coexistence itself does not
guarantee full equality and rights, which are prerequisites in modern
democracies. Nonetheless, it does represent an urgent step that will one day
lead to an integrated and therefore stable society. Therefore, Israel must
commit to a comprehensive coexistence education policy. Such a policy would
allow civil society professionals to develop a course of action that the
government could later institutionalise.
In order to initiate
educational reforms it is incumbent upon the political leadership to commit to
both symbolic and practical policy measures. For example, the government takes
certain actions that “recognise” the importance of issues. These are symbolic
policy initiatives-like the appointment of an Arab minister or establishing a
committee that explores pedagogical methodologies for coexistence education. On
the other hand, balancing the budget in the education system, the aforementioned
stimulus package and actually implementing recommendations of said committee are
examples of practical policy steps.
The Public Committee for Coexistence
Education (a group comprised of professors and civil society professionals), was
established by former Education Minister Yuli Tamir with the purpose of making
informed and educated recommendations regarding coexistence education policy in
Israel. When Gideon Sa’ar entered office, he decided to cease the activity of
the committee. Even if the recommendations of the committee are not implemented,
squashing it only closes doors unnecessarily. Reviving the public committee and
its work is a nominal political move that could become a realistic policy plan.
This is an example of a negative symbolic step that should be reversed in order
to demonstrate that Israel is working toward creating a shared
society.
The current administration must also explore cooperation
opportunities between civil society and government. Municipalities and the
Ministry of Education could initially “outsource” coexistence education programs
to professionals in the field. For example, The Abraham Fund Initiatives works
closely with the Ministry of Education and local municipalities to promote the
teaching of Arabic in elementary schools throughout the country. This program
has been proven by independent evaluators to combat racism and negative
stereotypes amongst Jewish children. Peace Players International uses the game
of basketball to unite and educate Arab and Jewish youth, subsidising
extracurricular sports programs that build life skills and change negative
perceptions.
Although these are but two examples, any coexistence
curriculum with the “mandatory” stamp from the Ministry of Education would serve
as a positive indication of practical efforts by the government.
Support
from the political leadership is the most important factor in easing
minority-majority tensions in Israel. Without it, the system will continue to
support an environment of hatred and racism to flourish. Political
acknowledgment of the importance of coexistence education followed by practical
policy steps for its implementation would commence the reversal of the negative
trend that plagues Israeli society. Ultimately, the future and stability of
Israel depends on a shared society and the next generation must be educated
accordingly.
First published on the Common Ground News Service (CGNews) with permission from Ynetnews